The Java Programming Language Platforms

There are four platforms of the Java programming language:

1.    Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)

2.    Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)

3.    Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)

4.    JavaFX

All Java platforms consist of a Java Virtual Machine (VM) and an application programming interface (API). The Java Virtual Machine is a program, for a particular hardware and software platform, which provides runtime environment in which java byte code is converted into machine specific code for program execution. An API is a collection of software components that is used to create other software components or applications.

Java SE

Oracle has two products that implement the Java SE 7 platform: JDK 7 (Java™ SE Development Kit 7) and JRE 7 (Java™ SE Runtime Environment 7).

When most people think of the Java programming language, they think of the Java SE API. Java SE's API provides the core functionality of the Java programming language. It defines everything from the basic types and objects of the Java programming language to high-level classes that are used for networking, security, database access, graphical user interface (GUI) development, and XML parsing.

In addition to the core API, the Java SE platform consists of development tools, deployment technologies, and other class libraries and toolkits commonly used in Java technology applications.

The Java EE platform is built on top of the Java SE platform. The Java EE platform provides an API and runtime environment for developing and running large-scale, multi-tiered, scalable, reliable, and secure network applications.

The Java ME platform provides an API and a small-footprint virtual machine for running Java programming language applications on small devices, like mobile phones. The API is a subset of the Java SE API, along with special class libraries useful for small device application development. Java ME applications are often clients of Java EE platform services.

JavaFX is a platform for creating rich internet applications using a lightweight user-interface API. JavaFX applications use hardware-accelerated graphics and media engines to take advantage of higher-performance clients and a modern look-and-feel as well as high-level APIs for connecting to networked data sources. JavaFX applications may be clients of Java EE platform services.